The
US finds itself at a crossroads as it confronts the challenge of repaying student
loan debt. Over the past 30 years in Michigan alone, state support for public
colleges has flipped from about 75 percent of the revenue budget at regional
universities to around 25 percent.
With
decreasing state aid, the resulting increases in tuition have created a
generational challenge in terms of the debt many students face upon graduation.
According to Forbes, more than 44 million people have student loan debt in the US, and student loans are the second-highest consumer debt category. There are 45 million borrowers who collectively owe more than $1.5 trillion in student loan debt in the US. And according to the Institute for College Access and Success, borrowers from the class of 2017 owed an average of $28,650.
The problem is clear. The question is what to do.
While
state funding to universities may have dropped, there still are creative
student loan repayment programs available, including federal income-based
repayment plans. And while some of the 2020 presidential candidates have
proposed student debt cancellation and free public higher education, and the
topic in general has certainly spawned a national dialogue, those potential
changes are still down the road.
In the meantime, here are
three examples from one university of how institutions themselves can directly
reduce students’ financial burdens in the meantime.
Debt forgiveness for
community service
Creating a
program that can forgive student debt is one way to reengage students who have had
to drop out due to financial struggles. Many universities have developed
programs that do just that—wipe a portion of student debt for successfully
completing courses—but Eastern Michigan University (EMU) takes a distinct
approach to debt forgiveness.
EMU’s program, called the Eagle Engage Corps, offers debt forgiveness (the university writes off the debts) in exchange for a commitment of community service. The first group of 12 students to return to classes under its debt-forgiveness program is now successfully heading toward graduation.
The program
requires students to complete 30 hours of community work in an EMU community
program throughout the semester. Successful completion leads to a partial or full forgiveness
of outstanding debt owed to the university. An added benefit of the
program is to engage students in the community. Corps
members can complete their community work with a number of community programs
and organizations. To name a few:
Getting
buy-in from stakeholders was the first step. After insisting that this approach
to reengage our students clearly aligned with EMU’s mission and vision and that
it was something at a small level we had capacity to do, we received
overwhelming support.
The
creation of this program, however, did not come without roadblocks.
There
was initial resistance to forgiving debt to reengage students. Several students
had been contacted by debt companies to no avail; this program gave many a lifeline
to reengage and forgive.
We
also had to be creative in our efforts to reach the former students that we
wanted to reengage. As many of them no longer check or have access to their
university email accounts, we knew that email was not going to be a
successful means of communication. Many students who stopped out still engaged
with EMU and with alumni through social media, so when the program launched, we
advertised on Facebook and LinkedIn to promote the program and crafted press
releases that were picked up by local media outlets. As the program reaches
each new milestone (a new semester, a new graduate, etc.), we have sought to
promote the program, keeping it in the news and on social medial. We also
continually purchase virtual advertisements.
There are
continuing challenges as well. Most of the students in our program have little or no
federal financial aid left, which means locating resources to complete their
degrees is challenging. The most significant conundrum is that many students
need their degrees to receive higher-paying job so they can pay off their
loans, but because of their loans and the lack of financial resources to finish
school, they can’t complete their degrees.
Despite
such challenges, the university community, alumni, and faculty believe this
program affirms EMU’s mission to both be a school of opportunity and foster
impact locally and globally.
Why
is it in other schools’ interest to try to implement such a program, and how is
it in their power to actually do so?
Demographics
show a declining population of high school graduates in Michigan. Students who
have some college but no degree represent a large population of potential EMU
students. In the past 10 years, 23,000 former EMU students stopped out and did
not reenroll at another institution. And we imagine that is likely the case for
other institutions.
For
other schools looking to replicate a similar program, we believe it is a wise
decision.
The
ROI is great, as returning students pay tuition for new classes, which
represents more money than amount of debt forgiven. In fact, in the first
semester of this program at EMU, $50,000 in tuition was collected and $17,000
in debt was forgiven.
Creating opportunity
Another article in Forbes cited that 89 percent of low-income first-generation students leave school without a degree—four times the rate for second-generation students.
Eastern’s Education First Opportunity Scholarship (EFOS)
program has been effective in helping academically talented students who are
financially at-risk. Many of the recipients are also first-generation college
students. First introduced in the 2012–2013 academic year, EFOS is designed
specifically for this population.
EMU provides the funding for the EFOS program. The
scholarship is intended for incoming freshmen who are Pell Grant eligible and
have earned a 3.0 high school GPA and an ACT composite score of 20 or a 1030
SAT score. The scholarship covers full tuition minus the Federal Pell Grant.
Currently, EMU has more than 1,200 students with this award,
with each entering class having around 450 recipients. The entering first-year
cohort of 2013’s six-year graduation rate was 11 percent higher than the
non-EFOS graduation rate.
Helping families plan ahead
A key consideration for
many families paying for college is budgeting and planning for the challenge
that lies ahead.
The 4WARD Graduation Scholarship at Eastern gives students free tuition in the final two years of their program when they pay the first two years. It is designed to simplify and reduce costs for parents and students as students begin their college enrollment; the scholarship began in fall 2019.
Under the program, students pay for their first two
consecutive years of tuition at a locked-in rate of approximately $13,000
annually for 30 credits. Then Eastern will pay 100 percent of the next two
consecutive years (30 credits per year).
To participate in the program, students are required to
live on-campus for each of the four years of attendance at a locked-in room and
board rate of approximately $10,500 per year, which includes a standard double
room and a standard meal plan.
The idea behind the scholarship is simple: to bring economic
certainty to the college budgeting and planning process for prospective
students and their families.
The student debt crisis and the obstacles that low-income,
first-generation students and others face will not go away anytime soon—though
as stated above, we’ll keep our eye on the presidential candidates and their efforts
to reverse the crisis. While the skyrocketing tuition rates and some
universities’ mandatory room and board requirements don’t help the crisis,
dwindling state support remains a huge contributing factor to it. But by
deploying some of these programs or other creative approaches, universities can
help make significant progress toward helping students attain their degrees.
Kevin Kucera, MBA, currently serves as vice president of
enrollment management at Eastern Michigan University, where Jessica “Decky”
Alexander, MFA, currently serves as professor of applied drama and director of the
Office of Academic Service-Learning and Luke Yates, MPA, currently serves as community
programs development manager, Engage @EMU.
