Faculty and administrators are often called upon to make difficult adjudicative decisions—determining whether a student violated the code of conduct or whether a faculty member’s conduct warrants disciplinary action. In both contexts, the individuals making those determinations serve as quasi-judicial officers. They must weigh evidence, apply policy, and render impartial judgments that can shape academic and professional lives.

Free Inquiry and Expression: From Principles to Educational Practice
Hundreds of colleges and universities have adopted free expression and institutional speech documents from the University of Chicago. In 1899, the University of Chicago faculty unanimously resolved that complete freedom


