Historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) have played a critical role in American higher education since their founding, with many of these institutions tracing their history back to the post-Civil War period and the subsequent second Morrill Act (1890) emphasizing the need for practical education and mandating opportunities for black students. Now, nearly two decades into the 21st century, they continue to be important contributors to the success of students, communities, and the nation.
Free Inquiry and Expression: From Principles to Educational Practice
Hundreds of colleges and universities have adopted free expression and institutional speech documents from the University of Chicago. In 1899, the University of Chicago faculty unanimously resolved that complete freedom
Leila Brammer
September 7, 2026
